Chemical Exposure and Liver Health Among Workers in the Chemical Industry

Abstract

Occupational exposure to hazardous chemicals such as solvents, pesticides, and heavy metals is known to cause liver dysfunction, but data in the Indonesian context remain scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of chemical exposure on liver health among 310 workers in chemical manufacturing industries located in Cilegon, Banten. Participants underwent liver function tests (LFTs), including ALT and AST enzyme measurements, and completed structured interviews regarding job roles, duration of exposure, PPE use, lifestyle habits, and medical history. The results showed elevated liver enzyme levels in 36.4% of workers, with a significantly higher incidence among those who had more than five years of exposure to organic solvents (p<0.01). Suboptimal use of PPE, particularly during chemical mixing and handling, further increased the risk. Additionally, poor ventilation and limited occupational health monitoring practices were observed at several sites. Workers with concurrent alcohol use had notably worse liver profiles. This study underscores the need for rigorous occupational safety enforcement, including routine health surveillance, proper ventilation systems, and comprehensive training on chemical handling. Strengthening regulatory oversight and worker education may help reduce the long-term health consequences of chemical exposure in this high-risk population.